The Roman era was a time when the Methodic school had enjoyed its greatest reputation, from which the Pneumatic school differed principally in that, instead of the mixture of primitive atoms, they adopted an active principle of immaterial nature, pneuma, or spirit. L T Tr WH (see ); , one (social) body filled and animated by one spirit, Ephesians 4:4; in all these passages although the language is general, yet it is clear from the context that the writer means a spirit begotten of the Holy Spirit or even identical with that Spirit ((cf. L T Tr WH (see ); , one (social) body filled and animated by one spirit, Ephesians 4:4; in all these passages although the language is general, yet it is clear from the context that the writer means a spirit begotten of the Holy Spirit or even identical with that Spirit ((cf. Web4151 pnema properly, spirit (Spirit), wind, or breath. 1840f, included in his Nova opuscula academica (Turici, 1846), p. 233ff; Kahnis, Die Lehre v. hiel. Dative , by the power and aid of the Spirit, the Spirit prompting, Romans 8:13; Galatians 5:5; , Luke 10:21 L Tr WH; , 1 Peter 1:12 (where R G T have ); , Philippians 3:3 L T Tr WH; also , Ephesians 2:22; Ephesians 3:5 (where must be joined to ); , in the power of the Spirit, possessed and moved by the Spirit, Matthew 22:43; Revelation 17:3; Revelation 21:10; also , Luke 2:27; Luke 4:1; , Luke 10:21 Tdf. acad., p. 278ff; B. D. under the word Spirit the Holy; Swete in Dict. Biog., as above, 4 a. at the end.) ; (cf. [6] For the Stoics, pneuma is the active, generative principle that organizes both the individual and the cosmos. 7 [ET])). under the phrase, Holy Ghost). 3:34; Matthew 12:28; Acts 10:38); hence, to its prompting and aid the acts and words of Christ are traced, Matthew 4:1; Matthew 12:28; Mark 1:12; Luke 4:1, 14. 132, 11 I.; Winer's Grammar, 30, 5)); , , Acts 6:10, where see Meyer; , 1 Peter 3:4; , such as belongs to the meek, 1 Corinthians 4:21; Galatians 6:1; , such as characterizes prophecy and by which the prophets are governed, Revelation 19:10; , , see above, p. 521b middle (Isaiah 11:2; Deuteronomy 34:9; Wis. 7:7); , 2 Corinthians 4:13; , such as belongs to sons, Romans 8:15; , of the life which one gets in fellowship with Christ, ibid. adds ) , Acts 6:3; and , to be led by the Holy Spirit, Romans 8:14; Galatians 5:18; 2 Peter 1:21; the Spirit is said to dwell in the minds of Christians, Romans 8:9, 11; 1 Corinthians 3:16; 1 Corinthians 6:19; 2 Timothy 1:14; James 4:5 (other expressions may be found under , II. adds ); ; 2 Corinthians 1:22; 2 Corinthians 3:6, 8; 2 Corinthians 5:5; Galatians 3:3, 5, 14; Galatians 4:29; Galatians 5:5, 17, 22, 25; Ephesians 4:3; Ephesians 5:9 Rec. , ). ad Romans, ii., p. 105 (in opposition to Harless (on Ephesians 2:22), et al. Matthew 1:20 N-GNSGRK: NAS: in her is of the Holy Spirit.KJV: of the Holy Ghost.INT: having been conceived from [the] Spirit is Holy, Matthew 3:11 N-DNSGRK: NAS: you with the Holy Spirit and fire.KJV: with the Holy Ghost, and [with] fire:INT: will baptize with [the] Spirit Holy and, Matthew 3:16 N-ANSGRK: NAS: and he saw the Spirit of GodKJV: he saw the Spirit of GodINT: he saw the Spirit of God, Matthew 4:1 N-GNSGRK: NAS: was led up by the Spirit into the wildernessKJV: of the Spirit intoINT: by the Spirit to be tempted by, Matthew 5:3 N-DNSGRK: NAS: are the poor in spirit, for theirsKJV: [are] the poor in spirit: forINT: poor in the spirit for theirs, Matthew 8:16 N-ANPGRK: NAS: and He cast out the spirits with a word,KJV: he cast out the spirits with [his] word,INT: he cast out the spirits by a word and, Matthew 10:1 N-GNPGRK: NAS: over unclean spirits, to castKJV: [against] unclean spirits, toINT: to them authority over spirits unclean so as, Matthew 10:20 N-NNSGRK: NAS: For it is not you who speak, but [it is] the Spirit of your FatherKJV: but the Spirit of yourINT: but the Spirit of the Father, Matthew 12:18 N-ANSGRK: 'NAS: I WILL PUT MY SPIRIT UPON HIM, AND HE SHALL PROCLAIMKJV: I will put my spirit upon him,INT: I will put the Spirit of me upon, Matthew 12:28 N-DNSGRK: NAS: out demons by the Spirit of God,KJV: devils by the Spirit of God, thenINT: moreover by [the] Spirit of God I, Matthew 12:31 N-GNSGRK: NAS: but blasphemy against the Spirit shall not be forgiven.KJV: the blasphemy [against] the [Holy] Ghost shallINT: and [the] against the Spirit blasphemy shall not, Matthew 12:32 N-GNSGRK: NAS: the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgivenKJV: against the Holy Ghost, it shall notINT: against the Spirit the Holy, Matthew 12:43 N-NNSGRK: NAS: the unclean spirit goesKJV: When the unclean spirit is gone out ofINT: the unclean spirit is gone out from, Matthew 12:45 N-ANPGRK: NAS: other spirits more wickedKJV: other spirits more wickedINT: seven other spirits more evil than itself, Matthew 22:43 N-DNSGRK: NAS: does David in the Spirit callKJV: doth David in spirit call himINT: David in spirit does call him, Matthew 26:41 N-NNSGRK: NAS: into temptation; the spirit is willing,KJV: temptation: the spirit indeedINT: the indeed spirit [is] willing, Matthew 27:50 N-ANSGRK: NAS: voice, and yielded up His spirit.KJV: voice, yielded up the ghost.INT: yielded up [his] spirit, Matthew 28:19 N-GNSGRK: NAS: and the Son and the Holy Spirit,KJV: and of the Holy Ghost:INT: of the Holy Spirit, Mark 1:8 N-DNSGRK: NAS: you with the Holy Spirit.KJV: with the Holy Ghost.INT: you with Spirit Holy, Mark 1:10 N-ANSGRK: NAS: opening, and the Spirit likeKJV: opened, and the Spirit like a doveINT: and the Spirit as a dove, Mark 1:12 N-NNSGRK: NAS: Immediately the Spirit impelledKJV: And immediately the Spirit driveth himINT: immediately the Spirit him drives out, Mark 1:23 N-DNSGRK: NAS: with an unclean spirit; and he criedKJV: an unclean spirit; andINT: a man with spirit unclean and, Mark 1:26 N-NNSGRK: NAS: the unclean spirit criedKJV: when the unclean spirit had tornINT: him the spirit unclean, Mark 1:27 N-DNPGRK: NAS: the unclean spirits, and they obeyKJV: the unclean spirits, andINT: even the spirits unclean. of Christ. (it is surely better to take here locally, of the 'sphere' (Winer's Grammar, 386 (362), cf. 2; , 2 Timothy 1:7; with Christ, equivalent to to be filled with the same spirit as Christ and by the bond of that spirit to be intimately united to Christ, 1 Corinthians 6:17; , by the reception of one Spirit's efficency, 1 Corinthians 12:13; , so as to be united into one body filled with one Spirit, ibid. Since the Holy Spirit by his inspiration was the author also of the O. T. Scriptures (2 Peter 1:21; 2 Timothy 3:16), his utterances are cited in the following terms: or , Hebrews 3:7; Hebrews 10:15; , Acts 28:25, cf. It is the material that sustains consciousness in a body. b. , Rev. L T Tr WH (see ); , one (social) body filled and animated by one spirit, Ephesians 4:4; in all these passages although the language is general, yet it is clear from the context that the writer means a spirit begotten of the Holy Spirit or even identical with that Spirit ((cf. The symbol was included in the Vedas, the most ancient Hindu Scriptures, and it refers to the breath of the universe, thought to be its original sound. acad., p. 278ff; B. D. under the word Spirit the Holy; Swete in Dict. Vav has the picture of an iron nail and means to fasten or secure two things together. When a cycle reaches its end in conflagration (ekpyrsis), the cosmos becomes pure pneuma from which it regenerates itself.[19]. b. , Rev. But when the attributive adjective ("holy") is used, it always refers to the Holy Spirit. "We have said before that life and the possession of heat depend upon some degree of heat; for digestion, by which animals assimilate their food, cannot take place apart from the soul and heat; for all food is rendered digestible by fire." ; ; 1 Peter 4:6. Grimm, Institutio theologiae dogmaticae, 131; (Weiss, Biblical Theol. In opposition to the divine Spirit stand, (a spirit) that comes from the devil), Ephesians 2:2; also , the spirit that actuates the unholy multitude, 1 Corinthians 2:12; , such as characterizes and governs slaves, Romans 8:15; , Romans 11:8; , 2 Timothy 1:7; , 1 John 4:6 (, Isaiah 19:14; , Hosea 4:12; Hosea 5:4); namely, , 1 John 4:3; , i. e. different from the Holy Spirit, 2 Corinthians 11:4; , the governing spirit of the mind, Ephesians 4:23. Wetstein, N. T. i. 47; Acts 17:16; Romans 1:9; Romans 8:16; 1 Corinthians 5:4; 1 Corinthians 16:18; 2 Corinthians 2:13; 2 Corinthians 7:13; Galatians 6:18; (Philippians 4:23 L T Tr WH); Philemon 1:25; 2 Timothy 4:22; (for which Rec. For example, the Hebrew for breath is Ruach. ; (cf. see GREEK pneo see GREEK psuche Forms and Transliterations pneuma pnema pnem pneumasi pnemasi pneumasin pnemasin pneumata pnemata pneumati pnemati pnemat pneumaton pneumatn pneumton pneumtn pneumatos pnematos pnematsLinksInterlinear Greek Interlinear Hebrew Strong's Numbers Englishman's Greek Concordance Englishman's Hebrew Concordance Parallel Texts. ); fortitude to undergo with patience all persecutions, losses, trials, for Christ's sake (Matthew 10:20; Luke 12:11, 12; Romans 8:26); the knowledge of evangelical truth (John 14:17, 26; John 15:26; John 16:12, 13; 1 Corinthians 2:6-16; Ephesians 3:5) hence, it is called (John the passages cited; 1 John 4:6), (Ephesians 1:17); the sure and joyful hope of a future resurrection, and of eternal blessedness (Romans 5:5; Romans 8:11; 2 Corinthians 1:22; 2 Corinthians 5:5; Ephesians 1:13f); for the Holy Spirit is the seal and pledge of citizenship in the kingdom of God, 2 Corinthians 1:22; Ephesians 1:13. Grimm, Institutio theologiae dogmaticae, 131; (Weiss, Biblical Theol. Sir. Although for the most part the words and are used indiscriminately and so and put in contrast (but never by Paul; see , especially 2), there is also recognized a threefold distinction, , 1 Thessalonians 5:23, according to which is the rational part of man, the power of perceiving and grasping divine and eternal things, and upon which the Spirit of God exerts its influence; (, says Luther, "is the highest and noblest part of man, which qualifies him to lay bold of incomprehensible, invisible, eternal things; in short, it is the house where Faith and God's word are at home" (see references at end)): (see , 2), Hebrews 4:12; , , Philippians 1:27 (where instead of Paul according to his mode of speaking elsewhere would have said more appropriately ). 132, 11 I.; Winer's Grammar, 30, 5)); , , Acts 6:10, where see Meyer; , 1 Peter 3:4; , such as belongs to the meek, 1 Corinthians 4:21; Galatians 6:1; , such as characterizes prophecy and by which the prophets are governed, Revelation 19:10; , , see above, p. 521b middle (Isaiah 11:2; Deuteronomy 34:9; Wis. 7:7); , 2 Corinthians 4:13; , such as belongs to sons, Romans 8:15; , of the life which one gets in fellowship with Christ, ibid. d. "the spiritual nature of Christ, higher than the highest angels, close to God and most intimately united to him" (in doctrinal phraseology the divine nature of Christ): 1 Timothy 3:16; with the addition of (on which see , 1 (yet cf. Part i. [25] Athenaeus had also adopted much of the doctrines of the Peripatetics,[26] and besides the doctrine of the pneuma, he developed the theory of the elements much more than the Methodic school had done. To its agency are referred all the blessings of the Christian religion, such as regeneration wrought in baptism (John 3:5, 6, 8; Titus 3:5 (but see the commentators on the passages, and references under the word , 3)); all sanctification (1 Corinthians 6:11; hence, , 2 Thessalonians 2:13; 1 Peter 1:2); the power of suppressing evil desires and practising holiness (Romans 8:2ff; Galatians 5:16ff,22; 1 Peter 1:22 (Rec. R G; (made to drink of i. e.) imbued with one Spirit, ibid. b. , Rev. Part i. Strong's Exhaustive Concordancespirit, ghostFrom pneo; a current of air, i.e. Biog. ; 1 John 3:24; 1 John 5:6, 8; Revelation 22:17. of Christ. 46, etc.). Cf. 9, 13, 18 [ET]; Ignatius ad Magn. Find more words! Strasb. ; joined with , 1 Timothy 4:1. But in the truest and highest sense it is said , he in whom the entire fullness of the Spirit dwells, and from whom that fullness is diffused through the body of Christian believers, 2 Corinthians 3:17. . the plural denotes the various modes and gifts by which the Holy Spirit shows itself operative in those in whom it dwells (such as , , etc. Sir. In Stoic cosmology, the cosmos is a whole and single entity, a living thing with a soul of its own. This usage is the earliest extant occurrence of the term in philosophy. anapno. Webgreek symbol for breathe kaer trolde locked chest. Thus, the theory of the pneuma was not a new one. Fritzsche, Nova opuscc., p. 239), John 6:63. the rational spirit, the power by which a human being feels, thinks, wills, decides; the soul: , 1 Corinthians 2:11; opposed to (which see (especially 2 a. Much of the pronunciation of Classical Greek is conjectural, but we have reasonable ideas on how the language was pronounced. "Spirit" ("spirit") is by far the most common translation (application) of 4151 (pnema). While it may not be possible to ascertain that this symbol is indeed the ancient Sanskrit symbol for breathe, it remains an inspiring design that can serve a deep purpose in your life as it reminds you to ground yourself 5f); quis rer. L T Tr WH (see ); , one (social) body filled and animated by one spirit, Ephesians 4:4; in all these passages although the language is general, yet it is clear from the context that the writer means a spirit begotten of the Holy Spirit or even identical with that Spirit ((cf. 149ff; J. Laidlaw, The Bible Doctrine of Man. R G; (made to drink of i. e.) imbued with one Spirit, ibid. Phonetic Spelling: (psoo-khay') Definition: breath, the soul. references below)): Matthew 28:19; John 14:16f, 26; John 15:26; John 16:13-15 (in which passages from John the personification was suggested by the fact that the Holy Spirit was about to assume with the apostles the place of a person, namely of Christ); , , 1 Corinthians 12:11; what anyone through the help of the Holy Spirit has come to understand or decide upon is said to have been spoken to him by the Holy Spirit: , Acts 8:29; Acts 10:19; Acts 11:12; Acts 13:4; , Acts 20:23. , i. e. not only rendered them fit to discharge the office of bishop, but also exercised such an influence in their election (Acts 14:23) that none except fit persons were chosen to the office, Acts 20:28; in Romans 8:26 means, as the whole context shows, nothing other than this: 'although we have no very definite conception of what we desire ( ), and cannot state it in fit language ( ) in our prayer but only disclose it by inarticulate groanings, yet God receives these groanings as acceptable prayers inasmuch as they come from a soul full of the Holy Spirit.' Aether is the god of the upper air, the purest, finest air that the gods breathe. 1840; Chr. under the phrase, Holy Ghost). He is the author of charisms or special gifts (1 Corinthians 12:7ff; see ), prominent among which is the power of prophesying: , John 16:13; hence, (Revelation 19:10); and his efficiency in the prophets is called simply (1 Thessalonians 5:19), and their utterances are introduced with these formulas: , Acts 21:11; , 1 Timothy 4:1; Revelation 14:13; with added, Revelation 2:7, 11, 17, 29; Revelation 3:6, 13, 22. Geist. Wrdigung u. Abwgung der Begriffe , , u. Geist, in the Theol. Grimm, Institutio theologiae dogmaticae, 131; (Weiss, Biblical Theol. ; joined with , 1 Timothy 4:1. Romans 8:15; , 1 Corinthians 7:40; , Jude 1:19; , Acts 13:52; , Ephesians 5:18; , , , Luke 1:15, 41, 67; Acts 2:4; Acts 4:8, 31; Acts 9:17; Acts 13:9; , Acts 6:5; Acts 7:55; Acts 11:24; (Rec. "a spirit, i. e. a simple essence, devoid of all or at least all grosser matter, and possessed of the power of knowing, desiring, deciding, and acting"; a. generically: Luke 24:37; Acts 23:8 (on which see , at the end); Acts 23:9; , Luke 24:39; (a life-giving spirit), spoken of Christ as raised from the dead, 1 Corinthians 15:45; (God is spirit essentially), John 4:24; , of God, Hebrews 12:9, where the term comprises both the spirits of men and of angels. 47; Acts 17:16; Romans 1:9; Romans 8:16; 1 Corinthians 5:4; 1 Corinthians 16:18; 2 Corinthians 2:13; 2 Corinthians 7:13; Galatians 6:18; (Philippians 4:23 L T Tr WH); Philemon 1:25; 2 Timothy 4:22; (for which Rec. 279ff; Edersheim, Jesus the Messiah, Appendix xvi. the resemblances and differences in Philo's use of , e. g. de gigant. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine. d. N. Test. anapno respire. [20], Philo, a 1st-century Hellenistic Jewish philosopher, commented on the use of , rather than , in the Septuagint translation of Genesis 2:7. [Any of the above renderings (spirit-Spirit, wind, breath) of 4151 (pnema) is always theoretically possible (spirit, Spirit, wind, breath). From among the great number of other phrases referring to the Holy Spirit the following seem to be noteworthy here: God is said , Luke 11:13; Acts 15:8; passive, Romans 5:5; more precisely, , i. e. a portion from his Spirit's fullness (Buttmann, 132, 7; Winer's Grammar, 366 (343)), 1 John 4:13; or , Acts 2:17, 18 (for its entire fullness Christ alone receives, John 3:34); men are said, , John 20:22; Acts 8:15, 17, 19; Acts 19:2; or , Acts 10:47; or , 1 Corinthians 2:12; or , Galatians 3:2, cf. 12 (cf. Wetstein, N. T. i. ( and seem to have been in the main coincident terms; but became the more poetic. Breath is prana, and Om is the symbol of breath in ancient Indian Sanskrit. Combinations of sounds = h i gh; = h ow ; = w eigh ; = b oy ; = b oo ; in the combination , pronounce each Isaiah 11:4); , the breath of life, Revelation 11:11 (Genesis 6:17, cf. Cf. has ) , who incites and directs the souls of the prophets, Revelation 22:6, where cf. Part i. Upsilon () is the twentieth Greek letter written as in uppercase and in lowercase. ; often in Greek writings). and references)), Mark 9:17, 25; , Luke 7:21; Luke 8:2; Acts 19:12, 13, 15, 16, (cf. i. Acts 1:16. Those who strive against the sanctifying impulses of the Holy Spirit are said , Acts 7:51; , Hebrews 10:29. is applied to those who by falsehood would discover whether men full of the Holy Spirit can be deceived, Acts 5:9; by anthropopathism those who disregard decency in their speech are said , since by that they are taught how they ought to talk, Ephesians 4:30 ( , Isaiah 63:10; , Psalm 105:33 ()). Spiral also came the Latin spirare, meaning to breathe. Greek, after all, was a different language from English, and certain nuances of pronunciation were regarded as more vital than others by the Greeks. 1840; Chr. Compare psuche. From among the great number of other phrases referring to the Holy Spirit the following seem to be noteworthy here: God is said , Luke 11:13; Acts 15:8; passive, Romans 5:5; more precisely, , i. e. a portion from his Spirit's fullness (Buttmann, 132, 7; Winer's Grammar, 366 (343)), 1 John 4:13; or , Acts 2:17, 18 (for its entire fullness Christ alone receives, John 3:34); men are said, , John 20:22; Acts 8:15, 17, 19; Acts 19:2; or , Acts 10:47; or , 1 Corinthians 2:12; or , Galatians 3:2, cf. But in the truest and highest sense it is said , he in whom the entire fullness of the Spirit dwells, and from whom that fullness is diffused through the body of Christian believers, 2 Corinthians 3:17. . the plural denotes the various modes and gifts by which the Holy Spirit shows itself operative in those in whom it dwells (such as , , etc. "when it contracts it is without force, and one and the same cause gives it force and enables it to thrust." ; joined with , 1 Timothy 4:1. Isaiah 11:4); , the breath of life, Revelation 11:11 (Genesis 6:17, cf. Web4151 pnema properly, spirit (Spirit), wind, or breath. ; ; Philippians 2:1; 2 Thessalonians 2:13; 1 Timothy 4:1; James 4:5; 1 Peter 1:22 Rec. Like fire, this intelligent 'spirit' was imagined as a tenuous substance akin to a current of air or breath, but essentially possessing the quality of warmth; it was immanent in the universe as God, and in man as the soul and life-giving principle.[9]. ); fortitude to undergo with patience all persecutions, losses, trials, for Christ's sake (Matthew 10:20; Luke 12:11, 12; Romans 8:26); the knowledge of evangelical truth (John 14:17, 26; John 15:26; John 16:12, 13; 1 Corinthians 2:6-16; Ephesians 3:5) hence, it is called (John the passages cited; 1 John 4:6), (Ephesians 1:17); the sure and joyful hope of a future resurrection, and of eternal blessedness (Romans 5:5; Romans 8:11; 2 Corinthians 1:22; 2 Corinthians 5:5; Ephesians 1:13f); for the Holy Spirit is the seal and pledge of citizenship in the kingdom of God, 2 Corinthians 1:22; Ephesians 1:13. WebIn the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, the rough breathing (Ancient Greek: , romanized: das pnema or dasea; Latin: spritus asper) character is a diacritical mark used to indicate the presence of an /h/ sound before a
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