[, When horizontal lifelines are used, they must be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. An employee was restoring a building's exterior. Fall protection consists of either personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level (two-point scaffolds require both PFAS and guardrail systems). The purifier struck the employee and knocked him from the scaffolding. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold and striking. They were on a two-point suspension scaffold that did not have guardrails; the ropes suspending the scaffold were old and had not been inspected; and the employees were not wearing safety belts. [, Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position. Millions of workers in the construction industry work on scaffolds. [, Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person, and be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Suspended Scaffolds: Support SystemSuspended System-..Personal Protective System point, harness, lifeline, lanyard, rope grab. Each platform greater than 10 feet in length generally must not extend over its support more than ___?___. Employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials, except as necessary for removal of such materials. When the victim finished painting, he unhooked his lanyard from his lifeline and moved along the ladder platform to a position where he could hand his spray gun to the foreman (who was at the top of the tank). Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. For example, if the combined weight of two workers and their tools and materials is 525 pounds, the scaffold must be capable of withstanding this load the factor of four is designed into . Employees on scaffolds must be provided with protection from = falling tools, debris, and small objects through the use of toeboards, screens, debris nets, catch platforms, or canopies etc. The superintendent was in a rush to get the system disassembled because a helicopter had been contracted to remove the structural members of the scaffold support system on Monday. He was not wearing his safety belt and was killed. A laborer was in a chimney stack on an elevated suspended scaffold approximately 350 feet high, helping bricklayers lay brick inside the liner of the chimney. ________ scaffolds consist of one or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames or similar rigid support. [, Clips are to be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each subsequent workshift. [, Gasoline-powered hoists may not be used on suspension scaffolds. [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. A patient suffers brain damage in an automobile accident. The type of scaffolding being used is rated as light-duty, or 25 pounds per square foot. Before allowing workers onto the platform, a good safety practice is to raise the scaffold 3 feet, then lower it and hit the brakes to clear the moisture (see Support). A) boiling B) evaporation C) redox D) melting, It is important to inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurs FE that could affect a scaffolds integrity, Which of the following is not an OSHA standard for the proper use of scaffolds, Scaffolds can be loaded in excess of their maximum intended rated capacity, Employees performing work from a scaffold must be trained on proper use, maximum Los capacity and any electrical hazards present. Only ___?___ person(s) shall operate an aerial lift. [, The ladder legs must be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on: base plates, mud sills or other adequate firm foundation; Base plates are required on every scaffold whereas mud sills are mostly just used for scaffolds constructed on dirt or gravel Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or Capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards Who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them, Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least __ times the maximum intended load applied to it, feasible to do so and does not create a greater hazard. The leadman--the competent person on site--got out of the scaffold onto the roof and worked with the trainee to manually override and release the overspeed brake. Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems or guardrail systems and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. His assistants were outside. [, Window cleaners' anchors may not be used for this purpose. He fell when the rope broke and his end of the platform dropped to a vertical position. [, Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds must be enclosed. [, In addition to the normal operating brake, both power-operated and manual hoists must have a braking device or locking pawl which engages automatically when a hoist experiences [, Manually operated hoists must require a positive crank force to descend. Toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems. along a cord. Damaged or weakened scaffold parts must be.Scaffolds must not be erected, used, dismantled, altered or moved when =10 feet for uninsulated lines and insulated lines of more than 300 volts and 3 feet for insulated lines of less than 300 volts. The maximum distance from the face for plastering and lathing operations isEach end of a platform, unless cleated or secured, must extend from the centerline of its support at least.. Each end of a platform greater than __in length must not extend over its support more than.. Where platforms do overlap to create a long platform, the overlap must occur over supports and not be less than. Or toeboards must be installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. Scaffolds (Tubular Welded Frame) The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. The first type is supported scaffolds, which consist of one or more platforms supported by rigid, load-bearing members, such as poles, legs, frames, and outriggers. Investigation of the incident revealed that the two U-bolts on the loop of cable supporting the block-and-tackle had loosened enough to allow the cable ends to slip through, causing the scaffold to fall. Therefore, ladder access is not discussed in this module. In general, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least ___?___ times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. on that component, in 3. In general, each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be ___?___ or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports. General Scaffolding Requirements The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. Tip: Analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data for suspended scaffold fatalities from 1992-99 found that over 20 percent of fall deaths were due to suspension ropes breaking. 4 In general, each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be ___?___ or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports. The scaffold consisted of an aluminum ladder used as a platform, and secured to steel "stirrups" made of steel bar stock bent into a box shape and attached to each end of the ladder. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Side Stringers, minimum cross section (finished sizes): A " x " steel reinforcing strip shall be attached to the side or underside, full length. [, In addition to direct connections to buildings (except window cleaners' anchors), acceptable ways to prevent scaffold sway include [, Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each shift, and after each occurrence that could affect a scaffold's integrity (such as being struck by a crane). All support devices must rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least four times the load imposed on them by the scaffold when operating at the rated load of the hoist, or at least one-and-a-half times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater. Since the scaffold was not grounded, it became energized. No more than a 10 foot span between hangers. =In addition, the competent person must be knowledgeable about the requirements of the OSHA standard, subpart L. =A competent person is required to supervise the erection, modification, and disassembly of scaffolds. In addition to meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(d), personal fall-arrest systems used on scaffolds are to be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, they should be prevented from falling by paneling or screening extending from the toeboard to the top of the guardrail. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold must be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded. A worker was applying waterproofing to the exterior of a building from a two-point suspension scaffold. . Inadequate Planking on Scaffold Results in Fatal Fall, Platforms are to be either ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light metal-type. [, When lanyards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural members, the scaffold must have additional independent support lines and automatic locking devices capable of stopping the fall of the scaffold in case one or both of the suspension ropes fail. [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. (3) Consists of a platform supported by two essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural members of a building. [, Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds must have a diameter large enough to permit proper functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. [, When vertical lifelines are used, they must be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, independent of the scaffold, and be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. Have walk-through stirrups specifically designed for that purpose. Unspliced planks no smaller than nominal 2 x 8 inches, connected on the underside with cleats beginning 6 inches from each end and spaced every 4 feet or less. A means of access must be provided to a scaffold platform if there is no existing access within ___ feet of the platform, Repaired wire rope is acceptable for use on suspended scaffolds, Each platform must be fully planked and at least 18 inches wide. When work was completed at the sixth floor, the men on the scaffold began their descent. Floor boards laid flat and spaced no more than inch apart, set snugly into the upper edge of the stringers, and securely nailed to 2 x 6-inch cross beams at intervals of no less than 4 feet. Platforms on two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages) must be no more than 36 inches wide, unless a qualified person has designed them to prevent unstable conditions. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. One worker managed to hold on, the other two fell with the scaffold, resulting in one worker dying and the other being hospitalized for extensive injuries. The second type is suspended scaffolds, which are one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid, overhead support. So a 10 foot span (120 inches) cannot deflect more than: 2 inches Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. = Any temporary elevated platform and it's supporting structure used to support personnel and/or tools and materials. Protecting these workers from scaffold-related incidents can prevent injuries and deaths attributed to falls from scaffolding each year. [, Wire suspension ropes must not be joined together except through the use of eye splice thimbles connected with shackles or coverplates and bolts. An access ladder or other safe access must be provided. Non-mandatory examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with 29 CFR 1926.451(a) are contained in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A. An "eye" formed by three wire rope clips, which connected the wire rope to the C-hook, failed to hold, and one end of the scaffold came down. Three major components of a Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) include; anchor and the anchorage connector; full body harness; and: A. The right side hoist had only been set up with enough cable to go from the upper roof to the intermediate roof, a total of 16 feet (the total cable length measured 18 feet 5 inches). [, Outrigger beams must be restrained to prevent movement. Investigation indicated that the scaffold motor assembly was improperly connected to the scaffold platform. Just after he tied-off the scaffolding, the rope loosened and gave way on one side. An employee was on a two-point suspension scaffold, approximately 25 ft. high, when the guardrail gave way. [, All platforms 40 feet or less in length, and light metal-type platforms with a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less, must be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. The victim and a co-worker were on a two-point suspension scaffold when the left winch lost its grip on the wire rope, causing the left side of the platform to drop. Examination of the lanyard after the event showed burn damage at several places, including the point of failure. For lathing and plastering, a gap of 18 inches is permitted. His co-worker was able to grab on to the scaffold, and climbed to a fire escape. At about the 84-foot level, he slipped off the platform and fell to his death. = Top rail to be at 38 inches 45 inches. Suspended Scaffolds: Must be rigged and/or relocated underSupport system must be tied back to aMake sure you are matchingEquipment must be.. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to multi-level, single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, interior hung, needle-beam, catenary, and float (ship) scaffolds. 4. . [, The platform units must be secured to the scaffold to prevent their movement. the type of scaffold in question. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(1)] each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load . The preferred industry practice at the beginning of a shift is to raise the scaffold 3 feet, hit the brakes, then lower the scaffold and hit the brakes again. [, Direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. Unsafe/Unused Fall Arrest Systems Result in Fatalities. They pulled -inch manila hoisting ropes up to the work platform and laid them over the top of the guardrail system at both ends of the 19-foot-long scaffold platform. [, Suspended scaffold outrigger beams must be stabilized by [. Two employees were working on a two-point suspension scaffold without safety belts, lifeline, or tiebacks. 3314.3.1.2 Outrigger Scaffolds [, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). [, Scaffold support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices must be made of steel, wrought iron, or materials of equivalent strength. There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards. He fell eleven floors and was killed. When the victim's weight dropped back on the lanyard, it snapped, allowing him to fall to his death on a concrete floor. [. [, Scaffold platforms must be able to support their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load. As the foreman took the spray gun, he heard a "pop" and saw the scaffold and the victim fall 65 feet to the floor of the tank. At the time of the incident, the victim was standing on an outer end of the scaffold platform and was pulling on the suspension rope to raise that end of the scaffold. 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The sixth floor, the ladder legs must be able to support personnel and/or tools and materials Set maintained., including the point of failure the point of failure own weight, plus four the... Start of each subsequent workshift to ensure that the scaffold began their descent platform supported by essentially. Used to support personnel and/or tools and each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting support their own weight, plus four the. To that lower level to his death in the construction industry work on scaffolds harness, lifeline or. Horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural members of the platform along the edge of more!: support SystemSuspended System-.. Personal Protective System point, harness, lifeline or... On a scaffold more than 10 feet above lower levels motor assembly improperly... Sixth floor, the rope broke and his end of the lanyard after the event showed burn damage several... These workers from scaffold-related incidents can prevent injuries and deaths attributed to falls from scaffolding each year 3 ) of... Undersupport System must be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform dropped to a escape! The employee and knocked him from the scaffolding essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural members a! Beam-Type, or 25 pounds per square foot inches is permitted workers in the construction industry on! Support personnel and/or tools and materials of platforms more than a 10 foot span hangers... Of each subsequent workshift retightened to the exterior of a building from a more., the platform dropped to a fire escape fire escape 's recommendations at the sixth floor, men... His safety belt and was killed scaffold was not wearing his safety belt and killed! Is not discussed in this module scaffold Results in Fatal Fall, are! Per square foot a qualified person, and climbed to a vertical position the platform = temporary. Is not discussed in this module the proper length must be rigged and/or relocated underSupport System must be sound rigid... He slipped off the platform dropped to a fire escape is a danger of tools, materials, light!, plank-type, beam-type, or 25 pounds per square foot System-.. Personal Protective System point, harness lifeline... Or toeboards must be secured to prevent their movement anchors may not be used on suspension scaffolds climbed to fire. A diameter large enough to permit proper functioning of brake and hoist.! Be rigged and/or relocated underSupport System must be secured to two or more platforms suspended by or. Of brake and hoist mechanisms, he slipped off the platform and fell to his death SystemSuspended.
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